Even when his experiments don’t quite land (in 2018, he claimed he was writing a philosophy book in real time on Twitter), there’s an ambition-and audacity-in West’s work that feels hard to deny. He’s also dabbled in sculpture (the infamous silicone figures from 2016’s “Famous” video), as well as announced his intention to move into architecture and prefabricated home design (Yeezy Home). Always interested in fashion, West has designed for Nike, Louis Vuitton and Adidas, as well as his own Yeezy Season line, reconciling the utility of streetwear with the playful tangents of haute couture.

An outspoken figure (to say the least), West has shattered countless stereotypes about who rappers are and what they do, taking stances against homophobia and gangster posturing, offering multidimensional portraits of women and some bracingly reductive ones, advancing social causes one minute and declaring himself a god the next, controversially getting the attention of not one but three sitting presidents, and playing both the face and the heel. Much of that comes from his gift for listening, for orchestrating: Over the course of his career, he has absorbed sounds and styles from the underground-whether Chicago drill, UK bass music, or Bon Iver’s postmodern folk-and reimagined them, changing the course of the mainstream along the way. From the baroque grandeur of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to the punk fragments of Yeezus, from the social commentary of The College Dropout to the confessional summits of 808s & Heartbreak, West has always been at the leading edge, tirelessly expanding his scope and sound-and shifting everyone else’s playing field in the process. He launched his MC career with 2004’s The College Dropout and hasn’t looked back, releasing a string of groundbreaking-and often self-contradicting-albums, each of them a pacesetter for the culture around it.

His chopped-and-pitched, sample-heavy “chipmunk soul” sound would define rap for years after. After contributing production to a series of increasingly high-profile projects (including work with Foxy Brown and the Mase-fronted Harlem World), West broke through in 2001 with his work on JAY-Z’s The Blueprint, producing and cowriting some of the album’s biggest songs (“Izzo ”, “Takeover”). Raised in Chicago by his mother, an English professor, West (born in 1977) initially studied to be a painter while making beats on the side-a multidisciplinary drive that came to mark his career.

Few artists have had as deep an impact on pop culture as Kanye West.

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